NEW MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR HYDROGEN POWER ENGINEERING ■ The promising materials and the related device prototypes for self-contained energy supply have been developed based on hydrogen technologies. The development involves the materials and devices for reversible accumulation and long-term storage of high-purity hydrogen, membrane and catalytic materials for fuel cells, and peri -pheral measuring devices. ■ The developed materials and equipment can be used in self-contained power supplies with long working life, charging devices, standby power supplies for special equipment. Hydrogen sources Compact and safe reusable hydrogen batteries of 50 to 2500 l capacity have been produced, which operate in the 0 ÷ 300°C temperature range and at 0.01 divide; 10 MPa pressure and are appropriate as a source of high-purity hydrogen (>99.9999% purity) for low-temperature fuel cells. Low-temperature batteries contain up to 1.5 wt % of hydrogen; high-temperature ones up to 5 wt %. Type of the device Application area Working material — capacity with respect to hydrogen Batteries - reusable sources Charging devices, tionary installations Reversible hydrides: La(Mm)Ni5 TiFe Mg2Ni Mg-Mm-Ni Mg-Ni - 1.5 wt.% - 1.8 wt.% - 3.6 wt.% - 5.5 wt.% - 5.8 wt.% Generators - disposablechemical sources Portable devices, individual life support Alkali-earth metals and hydrides: Mg Al MgH2 AlH3 - 0,92 l/g - 1,23 l/g - 1,88 l/g - 2,24 l/g Hydrogen-air fuel cells with proton-exchange membranes Main advantages of the fuel cells Operate under natural terrestrial conditions without hydro/thermostating. Can be activated at - 40°C without electric heating and stand above 10000 starts from negative temperatures. High coefficient of efficiency, low heat generation, reliability, long service life Battery of fuel cells with 15 Wt power Materials for the fuel cells ■ Platinum coated catalysts New methods for production of nanostructured platinum and platinum stabilization on the surface of carbon and oxide supports have been developed, which allow platinum consumption in the electrodes of fuel cells to be reduced drastically with electrocatalytic activity being preserved 1. Based on carbon nanomaterials. Enhanced corrosion resistance: Pt=12 % 2. Based on nanostructured oxides. Enhanced tolerance to CO: Pt ≤ 5 % ■ Ion-conducting membranes New types of membranes with high protonic conductivity and improved performance and technological characteristics have been developed. Gel electrolytes based on polyvinyl alcohol doped by heteropolyacids or phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid Membranes of Nafion type doped by carbon Membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride with inserted sulfonated polystyrene Sensors for determination of hydrogen concentration in gases To provide safe operation of the fuel cells, a new generation of solid hydrogen sensors has been developed, which are appropriate for fast and selective determination of hydrogen concentration in air in the 0.01 ÷ 10 vol.% concentration range.
